In the summer with the AC mode, the indoor heat exchanger would be operated as an evaporator – cooling down the cabin. During evaporation, heat is transferred from the air to the refrigerant, cooling down the air. During condensation, thermal energy or heat is released from the refrigerant cycle to the air, heating up the air. The compressor is driven directly or indirectly by the motor – consuming energy. 4 → 1: In the evaporator, the refrigerant changes phase again, from liquid or two-phase to saturated vaporįigure 1: The four main components of a basic air conditioning system.3 → 4: The expansion device reduces the pressure from high-pressure liquid to low pressure.2 → 3: In the condenser, the refrigerant changes phase from vapor to liquid.1 → 2: The compressor brings the refrigerant vapor from low pressure to high pressure.The cycle can be visualized in a log(p),h diagram, going counter-clockwise from 1-4: The model in Figure 1 is built using components from Modelon Impact’s built-in Air Conditioning Library. Additional components include pipes, valves, sensors, phase separators, and more. This same basic system could be used in an EV. The four main components of a basic AC system are the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator, as shown in Figure 1 below. So how does air conditioning work during summer, and how can the same system be operated in heat pump mode during winter to make efficient use of the energy coming from the battery? Modeling Components in an Air Conditioning System Luckily, the energy consumption and thus range reduction will be much smaller when the AC is operated as a heat pump. But in EVs, this heat source does not exist, and if the power from the battery is used for direct electrical heating with an electrical resistor, the range can easily be reduced by 30% or more. Vehicles with an ICE can use the waste heat from the ICE to heat the cabin almost for free.
#Central air conditioning system diagram drivers
In cold winter months, drivers want heat instead of air conditioning. While this power consumption is usually accepted for cars with an internal combustion engine (ICE), it becomes more critical for electric vehicles (EV) as the range is decreased by the same percentage. In warm summer months, the energy needed for air conditioning (AC) is in the range of 5-15% of the energy needed for propulsion. The Effect of an Air Conditioning System on Power Consumption and EV RangeĪutomotive air conditioning is today considered the norm: 99% of cars sold in 2020 had air conditioning. This blog focuses on designing and simulating an automotive air conditioning and heat pump system using Modelon Impact – enabling engineers to analyze the effect on energy consumption in electric vehicles.
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